Sodium chloride
Active substance (generic name):
Sodium chloride
ATC code: B05CB01
Pharmacotherapeutic group:
Saline solutions
Pharmacological properties
Isotonic solution. It restores shortage of bodily liquid in dehydration. Ions of sodium and chlorine are the most important inorganic components of extracellular liquid supporting relevant osmotic pressure of blood plasma and extracellular liquid.
Indications to administration
Dehydration of various origin. It is used to maintain a blood plasma volume during and after surgery, for washing of wounds, eyes, nasal mucosa and as a dissolvent for various drugs.
Administration and dosage
The drug is administered intravenously when warmed up to 38ºC (usually drop-wise with a rate of 40-120 drops per minute), subcutaneously and in clysters depending on clinical indications in the volume of about 3 l/day. Drug administration is carried out under blood hematocrit and electrolyte concentration monitoring. The balance of the liquid introduced and lost is determined each 6 hours. To wash wounds, eyes and nasal mucosa the drug is put directly on the surface washed or with application of sterile napkins moistened with the drug.
Adverse effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach spasms, thirst, dacryagogue, sweating, fever, tachycardia, arterial hypertension. Renal disorders, edemas, dyspnea, a headache, vertigo, anxiety, fatigue, twitching and hypertonus of muscles. Introduction of large amounts of the solution can result in chloride acidosis, overhydratation, increased excretion of potassium from the body. No side effects have been reported when administered locally.
Contraindications
Hypernatremia, an overhydratation state, a threat of edema of the lungs, brain; treatment with large doses of corticosteroids.
Special warnings
Caution should be taken when large volumes of the drug are used in patients with disturbances in a renal excretory function and a hypopotassemia. When used for a long time, plasma concentration of electrolytes and daily urine should be controlled.
Supply
0.9% solution for injections, 5 ml in vials, 5 vials in contour cellular packages. 10 vials in a box.
Storage conditions
To be stored in a dry and light protected place at room temperature
Period of validity
3 years
Dispensed with a prescription
Not to be used after the expiry date indicated on the package. To be stored out of the reach to children